The Water Tank is a water source added by Railcraft. It constantly collects water from the environment around it, the refill rate being determined by the biome it's in (if it can see the sky), and it can also be filled manually using other RailCraft/Buildcraft items. It can hold up to 400 buckets of water.
It is fully compatible with buildcraft pipes and Liquid Loaders/Unloaders. It can only be manually filled from the top and when placing a filling pipe (for example, from a water pump), one has to ensure at least a 1-block gap between the filling pipe and the sides of the tank if the filling source isn't above the top edge of the tank. Placing a pipe next to the side of a water tank will connect it and allow water to drain out.
To build it, you will need 26 Banded Planks in a 3x3x3 hollow structure (no block in the middle). This is the same construction pattern as a Coke Oven, however, the water tank does not change its appearance once constructed (the Coke Oven, when built correctly, changes appearance and displays a window in the middle of each side). To check the tank has been built correctly, one has to right click it which will bring up the GUI (shown below). If the GUI does not appear then it has not been constructed correctly.
One can also fill the water tank manually by placing a water bucket into the top bucket slot. The bucket will empty and by moved to the bottom slot, with the water being added into the tank.
Source: Railcraft Wiki
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